Endoscopic anatomy of the retrotympanum.

Inferior retrotympanum revisited: an endoscopic anatomic study.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To describe the inferior retrotympanic anatomy from an endoscopic perspective. STUDY DESIGN This was an anatomic study on a retrospective case series. METHODS During November 2009 and December 2009, videos from endoscopic middle ear procedures carried out between June 2007 and November 2009 and stored in our database were retrospectively reviewed. Surgeries in which th...

Pyramidal eminence and subpyramidal space: an endoscopic anatomical study.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To describe retrotympanic endoscopic anatomy, especially the pyramidal eminence and contiguous spaces. STUDY DESIGN This was an anatomical study on a prospective case series. METHODS The anatomy of the retrotympanum was studied by endoscopy in nine patients affected by cholesteatoma who underwent tympanomastoid surgery and in six temporal bone dissections. RESULTS Pn...

A Spectacular Endoscopic Anatomy of the Pituitary Gland and the Circle of Willis in a Living Person

[Endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear].

OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed anatomic description of middle ear endoscopy via different approaches. METHOD Using 0, 30 and 90 degree rigid endoscopes, 6 dry temporal bones and 11 temporal bone blocks were examined to define the average range of view obtained by three approaches: 1. via the external ear canal approach; 2. via a retroauricular incision: including two subdivided routes, the m...

بررسی اندوسکوپیک آناتومی حفره پتریگوپالاتین در اجساد بالغ ایرانی

  Background : Our aim in this study was to recognize the endoscopic anatomy of the Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) and the anatomic variations of the related neurovascular structures, to define the endoscopic endonasal approach to this region.   Methods: In a case series study 17 fresh adult cadavers were studied by endoscopic endonasal approach. To reach the pterygopalatine fossa endonasally, we ...